Short Biography of Aamir Khan

Aamir Khan,a method actor was born on 14^th March 1965 in Mumbai to Tahir Hussain, a film producer, and Zeenat Hussain. Several of his relatives were members of the Hindi film industry, including his late paternal uncle, the producer-director Nasir Hussain. He is related to the Indian philosopher Abul Kalam Azad who is related to him through his grandmother. Khan is the eldest of four siblings; he has a brother, the actor Faisal Khan, and two sisters, Farhat and Nikhat Khan.His nephew, Imran Khan, is a contemporary Hindi film actor.

As a child, Khan appeared on screen in two minor roles. At the age of eight, he appeared in a highly popular song in the Nasir Hussain-directed musical film Yaadon Ki Baaraat(1973). The following year, he portrayed the younger version of Mahendra Sandhu's character in his father's production Madhosh.

At the age of sixteen, Khan was involved in the experimental process of making a 40-minute silent film, entitled Paranoia, that was directed by his school friend Aditya Bhattacharya. The film was funded by the filmmaker Shriram Lagoo, an acquaintance of Bhattacharya, who provided them with a few thousand rupees. Khan's parents opposed to his joining films due to their own experiences, wishing that he would instead pursue a "steady" career of an engineer or doctor, and thus the shooting schedule ofParanoia was a clandestine one. In the film, he played the lead role alongside actors Neena Gupta and Victor Banerjee, while simultaneously assisting Bhattacharya.

 He is an an Indian film actor, director, producer and television presenter. Through his successful career in Hindi films, Khan has established himself as one of the most popular and influential actors of Indian cinema. He is the recipient of numerous awards, including four National Film Awards and seven Filmfare Awards. He was honoured by the Government of India with the Padma Shri in 2003 and the Padma Bhushan in 2010.

Khan married Reena Dutta, who had a small part in Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak, on 18 April 1986. They have two children, a son named Junaid and a daughter, Ira. Reena was involved briefly in Khan's career when she worked as a producer for Lagaan. In December 2002, Khan filed for divorce, ending the 15-year marriage. Reena took custody of both children.

On 28 December 2005, Khan married Kiran Rao who had been an assistant director to Ashutosh Gowariker during the filming of Lagaan. On 5 December 2011, Khan and his wife announced the birth of their son, Azad Rao Khan, through a surrogate mother. In 2007, Khan lost a custody battle for his younger brother Faisal to their father, Tahir Hussain. His father died on 2 February 2010.

In 2001 Khan set up a production company known as Aamir Khan Productions. Its first film was Lagaan. The movie was released in 2001, starring Khan as the lead actor. The film was selected as India's official entry to the 74th Academy Awards in the Best Foreign Language Film category. It was eventually chosen and nominated in that category but lost to No Man's Land. The film won numerous awards at several Indian award functions such as Filmfare and IIFA, and won the National Film Award for Most Popular Film, an award shared between Khan and the film's director, Ashutosh Gowariker. Khan later commented on the loss of Lagaan at the Oscars: "Certainly we were disappointed. But the thing that really kept us in our spirits was that the entire country was behind us".

In 2007 he produced the drama Taare Zameen Par which marked his directorial debut. In 2011, Khan released his home production Dhobi Ghat. Which was directed by his wife, Kiran Rao. In 2012, Khan starred in Reema Kagti's neo-noir mystery film, Talaashwhich was joint production by Excel Entertainment and Aamir Khan Productions.

Khan made his television debut with his social issue based talk show Satyamev Jayte which started airing on 6 May 2012. Aamir was paid Rs. 30 million rupees per episode to host the Satyamev Jayate, and it makes him the highest paid host in Indian television industry (as on June 2012).^[91] Aamir, speaking on a radio channel, said that in view of phenomenal public response he may come up with a second season of the show. Satyamev Jayte opened to positive reviews and feedback from eminent personalities such as social activists, media houses, doctors, film and television personalities. Khan was also praised for his effort.

Khan made to cover page of TIME magazine Asia edition in September 2012 issue with title "Khan's Quest" – "He is breaking the Bollywood mold by tackling India's social evils.

In March 2015, Khan stated that he has quit non vegetarian food and has adopted vegan lifestyle after being inspired by his wife Kiran Rao.

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Short Biography of A.P.J Abdul Kalam

A. P. J Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931 in a Tamil Muslim family to Jainulabudeen, a boat owner and Ashiamma, a housewife, at Rameswaram, Ramanathapuram District, located in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. He came from a poor background whose financial conditions weren’t sound enough. As a means to support his family’s meagre income, Kalam took up odd jobs in his childhood but never gave up on his education.His full name is Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam.He is an Indian scientist who served as the 11^th President of India from 2002 to 2007. After completing school, Kalam distributed newspapers to financially contribute to his father's income. In his school years, he had average grades, but was described as a bright and hardworking student who had a strong desire to learn and spend hours on his studies, especially mathematics. He was just a simple man with a great fierceful heart in his childhood.

He graduated from Saint Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli in 1954 but not satisfied with his degree, he left for Madras later next year to study aerospace engineering. He enrolled at the Madras Institute of Technology (MIT). After graduating from MIT, Kalam took up the position of chief scientist at the Aeronautical Development Establishment of Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO). However, the profile didn’t appeal Kalam much who shifted to the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) where he was the project director of India's first indigenous Satellite Launch Vehicle.

In 2002, Kalam was elected the President of India in 2002 with the support of the both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the opposition Indian National Congress. After serving a term of 5 years, he returned to civilian life of education, writing, and public service. He has received several prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honor.

Kalam served as the 11th President of India, succeeding K R Narayanan. He won the 2002 presidential election with an electoral vote of 922,884, surpassing 107,366 votes won by Lakshmi Sahgal. He served from 25 July 2002 to 25 July 2007.

On 10 June 2002, the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) which was in power at the time, expressed to the leader of opposition, Indian National Congress president Sonia Gandhithat they would propose Kalam for the post of President. The Samajwadi Party and the Nationalist Congress Party backed his candidacy. After the Samajwadi Party announced its support for him, Narayanan chose not to seek a second term in office, leaving the field clear for Kalam.

I am really overwhelmed. Everywhere both in Internet and in other media, I have been asked for a message. I was thinking what message I can give to the people of the country at this juncture.

—Kalam responding to the announcement of his candidature by Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee.

On 18 June, Kalam filed his nomination papers in the Parliament of India, accompanied by Vajpayee and his senior Cabinet colleagues.

During his term as President, he was affectionately known as the People's President. He is currently a visiting professor at Indian Institute of Management Shillong, Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad and Indian Institute of Management Indore, honorary fellow of Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore,^[57] Chancellor of the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram, a professor of Aerospace Engineering at Anna University (Chennai), JSS University (Mysore) and an adjunct/visiting faculty at many other academic and research institutions across India.

A P J Abdul Kalam's 79th birthday was recognised as World Student's Day by United Nations. He has also received honorary doctorates from 40 universities. The Government of India has honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 1981 and the Padma Vibhushan in 1990 for his work with ISRO and DRDO and his role as a scientific advisor to the Government. In 1997, Kalam received India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, for his immense and valuable contribution to the scientific research and modernisation of defence technology in India. In 2005, Switzerland declared 26 May as science day to commemorate Kalam's visit in the country. In 2013, he was the recipient of the Von Braun Award from the National Space Society "to recognize excellence in management of and leadership for a space-related project."

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Short biography of Smt Indira Gandhi

Indira Gandhi was born on November 19, 1917, in Allahabad, India , she grew up in an intensely political atmosphere. Despite the same last name, she was of no relation to the statesman Mohandas Gandhi. Her grandfather, Motilal Nehru, was a prominent Indian nationalist leader. Her father, Jawaharlal Nehru, was a pivotal figure in the Indian independence movement and the first Prime Minister of Independent India. She was brought up in an environment with great exposure to the political figures of the day, and was particularly influenced by her father.  Gandhi served three consecutive terms as prime minister, between 1966 and 1977, and another term beginning in 1980. In 1984, Gandhi was assassinated by her Sikh bodyguards.

In 1937, she passed the Oxford entrance exam and studied at Somerville College, Oxford. At university she was often subject to ill health, and returned to India without completing her degree – though later she was conferred an honorary degree by Oxford.

Smt. Indira Gandhi was the first lady Prime Minister of our country. She became Prime Minister after the death of Sri Lai Bahadur Shastri and she took active part in the freedom struggle. She was President of the Congress party. She was married to Sri Feroz Gandhi and had two sons- Rajiv and Sanjay. Sri Firoz Gandhi died in 1960. Sanjay Gandhi used to help her in her work but he died in a plane crash in 1980. Then Rajiv Gandhi started helping her and after her death on 31st October, 1984 he became the Prime Minister of India.

During her Prime Minister ship, India won the Bangladesh war in 1971. She was a great social worker and had introduced several schemes for the country. She was a great patriot. We are proud of her.

In 1999, she was voted the greatest woman of the past thousand years in a poll carried by BBC news, ahead of other notable women such as Queen Elizabeth I of England, Marie Curie andMother Teresa.

However, she was returned to office in 1980. But, in this period, she became increasingly involved in an escalating conflict with Sikh separatists in Punjab.

On October 31, 1984, a trusted bodyguard, who was a Sikh, pulled out a .38 revolver and shot her point-blank. Another bodyguard, also a Sikh, then took out an automatic weapon and shot 30 rounds into her body. Gandhi died on the way to the hospital.

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Short biography of Rahul Dravid

Rahul Dravid was born on January 11, 1973 in a Maharashtrian Deshastha Brahmin family in Indore, Madhya Pradesh.

His family later moved toBangalore, Karnataka, where he was raised. Dravid's father worked for a company that makes jams and preserves, giving rise to the later nickname Jammy. His mother, Pushpa, was a professor of Architecture at the University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering (UVCE), Bangalore.Dravid has a younger brother named Vijay. He did his schooling at St. Joseph's Boys High School, Bangalore and earned a degree in commerce from St. Joseph's College of Commerce, Bangalore. He was selected to India national cricket team while studying MBA in St Joseph’s College of Business Administration.

 He is a former Indian cricketer and captain, widely regarded as one of the greatest batsmen in the history of cricket.

He is also useful wicketkeeper.  He started playing cricket at the age of 12 and later represented the state team at the under-15, under-17 and under-19 levels.

With his technical efficiency and stylish strokes, he soon became a pillar of the Indian cricket. Initially, he was considered good for only Test cricket but later, he proved himself to be very useful in One-Days too.

He was in brilliant form in 1999. He was named 'Widen Cricketer the year' in 2000. For his sheer consistency, Dravid has few equals. He is maintained a Test career average of over 50. His promotion as the ice-Captain was widely acclaimed. He was in a very good form during the cricket World Cup 2003 and scored very consistency.

As of October 2012, Dravid is the fourth-highest run scorer in Test cricket, after Sachin Tendulkar, Ricky Ponting and Jacques Kallis, and is only the second Indian cricketer, after Tendulkar to score 10,000 runs both in Tests and in ODIs and he holds the record for the most number of catches taken by a player (non-wicket-keeper) in Test cricket, with 210.

In August 2011, after receiving a surprise call in the ODI series against England, Dravid declared his retirement from ODIs as well as Twenty20 International (T20I), and in March 2012, he announced his retirement from international and first-class cricket. He appeared in the 2012 Indian Premier League as captain of the Rajasthan Royals. Dravid made his Ranji Trophy debut in February 1991, while he was still attending college.

For his consistency and temperament Dravid is dubbed as 'The Wall'. The book traces the illustrious career of one of cricket’s all time greats. It examines the various attributes of the man who started his cricketing career in 1996 and finished it as a legend.

This book is a tribute to a man who has retained his humility and graceful conduct while still scaling incredible heights in his profession, a man who is appreciated both by his own teammates as well as the opposition. He is not just respected as a player, but also as a person.
The book contains reminiscences and tributes from his teammates, mentors, seniors, peers, and opponents. It also includes some exquisite photographs that have captured various moments in Dravid’s life.

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Short biography of Ishant Sharma

Ishant Sharma was born on 2 September 1988, in Delhi (India). He is an Indian cricketer. He is a right arm fast –medium bowler. At the age of 18, Sharma was called to join the Indian squad for the tour of South Africa in 2006–07. In reference to his height and lean physique in his Under-19 days, the bowler was nicknamed Lambu.

Ishant Sharma started his career with domestic cricket. Ishant plays for Delhi in domestic cricket and has taken 21 wickets in four first class games. Ishant first toured England with the India Under-19s in 2006 and Pakistan in 2006–07. In May 2007, he was selected in the test team for the Bangladesh tour and played as a replacement for the fast bowler Munaf Patel.

On 10 February 2008, Sharma bagged four important wickets in the 4th ODI of CB Series against Australia. He ended the match with figures of 4/38 and named man of the match^. He scalped two important wickets on 18 February 2008 versus Australia in the 7th ODI of CB series.

In 2011, he became the fifth youngest player to take 100 Test wickets. Against South Africa in 2013, Ishant Sharma became the fifth quickest Indian to grab 100 ODI wickets.

Although he had little success, the management retained him for the third Test match at Perth. On the fourth day of the match he bowled an exceptional spell to Australian captain Ricky Ponting that resulted in his wicket and helped India claim victory^.He used the pace and bounce of the WACA wicket to trouble the batsmen. In the following test played in Adelaide he picked up two wickets and impressed everyone with his bowling. He finished the tour of Australia with figures of 6/358, an average of 59.66 and a strike rate of 101.0.

On 10 February 2008, Sharma bagged four important wickets in the 4th ODI of CB Series against Australia. He ended the match with figures of 4/38 and named man of the match^. He scalped two important wickets on 18 February 2008 versus Australia in the 7th ODI of CB series.

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Short biography of Baichung Bhutia

Indian footballer, Baichung Bhutia was born on December 15, 1976 in Tinkitam, Sikkim. He is considered to be the torchbearer of Indian football in the international arena. He is currently the captain of Indian team and plays for Mohun Bagan Club.

 He got his basic education at St. Xaviers School, Pakyong, East Sikkim. Since the very beginning he showed his serious interested towards the game of Football, and encouragement from his uncle Karma Bhutia helped him move forward towards his destiny. He went on to play for several school and local clubs in his home state of Sikkim.

 Due to his extra-ordinary capabilities in the game of Football, Bhutia got a scholarship from Tashi Namgyal Academy, a well known school in Gangtok at the age of 9.

In 1993, at the age of sixteen, he left school to join the professional East Bengal Club in Calcutta. In 1995, he moved to JCT Mills, Phagwara, which went on to win the India National Football League that year. Bhutia was the top scorer in the league, and was chosen to play in the Nehru Cup. He was named "1996 Indian Player of the Year" and has won numerous other awards since then.

Baichung Bhutia is probably the most famous and popular Football player India has ever produced. Also known as the “First Poster Boy of Indian Football”, Bhutia has contributed a lot to make the game popular among the young crowds of the nation even in the places where the game of Football has not been much popular.

In 1997 he returned to East Bengal, and became team captain in the 1998-99 seasons. Baichung Bhutia has the unique distinction of scoring the only hatrick in the Derby Clashes between East Bengal and Mohun Bagan, when he registered the same in East Bengal's 4-1 triumph in 1997 Federation Cup Semi Final. . He continued to play for East Bengal till the end of 2005-2006 seasons. In 2006, he joined Mohun Bagan AC and has remained with them since then. He has recently renewed his contract for a further two years from 2008 to 2010 with the Mohun Bagan. He played in the Goal 4 Africa match held in the Allianz Arena, Munich on 12 July 2008 for the Edu team led by Clarence Seedorf and scored twice.He scored twice in the AFC Challenge Cup against Turkmenistan. He was also selected as the most valuable player of the tournament.

Bhutia has been honored with Indian Player of the Year award twice in the years 1995 and 2008. In the year 1999 he was bestowed upon the Sikkim State Award, and Arjuna Award. In the year 2008, he has been conferred upon the Padmashree Award.

Bhutia comes from a Buddhist Bhutia background but is, by conviction an atheist.

He married his longtime girlfriend Madhuri Tipnis on December 27, 2004 in his native village of Tinkitam in South Sikkim.

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Short biography of Sunil Gavaskar

Sunil Gavaskar,in full Sunil Manohar Gavaskar,by names Sunny and the Little Master was born on 10^th July 1949,Bombay,India.He is an Indian former cricketer who played during the 1970s and 1980s for the Bombay cricket team and Indian national team.Gavaskar was widely regarded as one of the greatest opening batsmen in cricket history.

Gavaskar skillfully captained the Indian team in 47 Test (international) matches and dominated the game during a career that spanned 16 years and 125 total Test contests.

Gavaskar was instigated into playing cricket in Bombay under the guidance of his Test-playing uncle, Madhav Mantri.

Gavaskar was widely admired for his technique against fast bowling, with a particularly high average of 65.45 against the West Indies, who possessed a four-pronged fast bowling attack regarded as the most vicious in Test history.

India won many tournaments during his leadership like - the 'Asia Cup' and the 'Benson and ledges World Cup'. He was also the senior member of India's World Cup earn in 1983.

He was awarded the Arjuna Award and Padma Bushan in 1975 and 1980, respectively. He has also written some popular books on Ticket like Idols', 'Runs and Ruins', 'Sunny Days' and 'One-Day Wonders'.

He is the only Indian to have scored two centuries in a Test match on three occasions. . A superb driver and cutter of the ball, Gavaskar was the first player to score 10,000 runs in Test matches. He was also an excellent fielder, with 108 catches during his career; he was the first Indian apart from wicket keepers to reach the landmark of 100 catches.

After his retirement in 1987, Gavaskar put his immense cricketing acumen to great use as a popular columnist for some of the leading Indian newspapers and magazines and as a widely respected television commentator. He was inducted into the International Cricket Council’s Hall of Fame in 2009.

In 2012 Gavaskar was awarded the Col CK Nayudu Lifetime Achievement Award for Cricket in India.

On 28 March 2014, Supreme Court of India, appointed Gavaskar as the Interim BCCI President primarily to oversee 7th Seasonof Indian Premier League. The Court also directed him to relinquish his job as a Cricket Commentator. He was named one of the Wisden cricketers of the year in 1980.

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Short essay about Superstitions

There are many natural events which are said to be due to supernatural forces. This belief in supernatural forces is known as Superstition.

The dictionary definition of superstition is 'credulity regarding the supernatural, irrational fear of the unknown or mysterious, misdirected reverence'. It is not altogether satisfactory, because it fails to lay due emphasis on the disastrous results of superstitious beliefs and practice in the lives of a vast number of people throughout the world -- even today. Superstition can do nothing, but harm. It can destroy the lives of those over whom it gains a stronghold.

If we wear an iron bangle in our right hand, we will not feel afraid or scared (frightened). Even in our sleep we will enjoy peaceful dreams. There will be no disturbance. If a student eats curd or pudding while going to the examination centre, his paper will be easy and his success in the examination will be a sure shot. It is all an idea of a silly mind. No one can reason out. If we try to bring round to our scientific view, the people will give a hearty laugh making us an ass. We will have to cut a sorry figure. In our heart of hearts we know that we are cent-per-cent correct, but we lack the courage to stick to our guns.

Today we have learnt the scientific explanations for many natural events. But we are yet not free from the chains of superstitions.

 Superstition is no more than eccentricity -- at worst, a dangerous threat to serene and untrammeled living. Most of it belongs to our dim ancestry, and as the human race evolves, so will superstition decrease, and, in the end, disappear.

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